Encyclopedia of Plant and Crop Science (Print)

Agriculture and Biodiversity

Agriculture: Why and How Did It Begin?

Air Pollutant Interactions with Pests and Pathogens

Air Pollutants: Effects of Ozone on Crop Yield and Quality

Air Pollutants: Interactions with Elevated Carbon Dioxide

Air Pollutants: Responses of Plant Communities

Alternative Feedstocks for Bioprocessing

Amino Acid and Protein Metabolism

Aneuploid Mapping in Diploids

Aneuploid Mapping in Polyploids

Anther and Microspore Culture and Production of Haploid Plants

Arabidopsis thaliana: Characteristics and Annotation of a Model Genome

Arabidopsis Transcription Factors: Genome-Wide Comparative Analysis Among Eukaryotes

Archaeobotanical Remains: New Dating Methods

Aromatic Plants for the Flavor and Fragrance Industries

Ascorbic Acid: An Essential Micronutrient Provided by Plants

ATP and NADPH

B Chromosomes

Bacterial Attachment to Leaves

Bacterial Blight of Rice

Bacterial Pathogens: Detection and Identification Methods

Bacterial Pathogens: Early Interactions with Host Plants

Bacterial Products Important for Plant Disease: Cell-Surface Components

Bacterial Products Important for Plant Disease: Diffusible Metabolites As Regulatory Signals

Bacterial Products Important for Plant Disease: Extracellular Enzymes

Bacterial Products Important for Plant Disease: Toxins and Growth Factors

Bacterial Survival and Dissemination in Insects

Bacterial Survival and Dissemination in Natural Environments

Bacterial Survival and Dissemination in Seeds and Planting Material

Bacterial Survival Strategies

Bacteria-Plant Host Specificity Determinants

Biennial Crops

Bioinformatics

Biological Control in the Phyllosphere

Biological Control of Nematodes

Biological Control of Oomycetes and Fungal Pathogens

Biological Control of Weeds

Biosafety Applications in the Plant Sciences: Expanding Notions About

Biosafety Approaches to Transgenic Crop Plant Gene Flow

Biosafety Considerations for Transgenic Insecticidal Plants: Non-Target Herbivores, Detritivores, and Pollinators

Biosafety Considerations for Transgenic Insecticidal Plants: Non-Target Predators and Parasitoids

Biosafety Programs for Genetically Engineered Plants: An Adaptive Approach

Biosafety Science: Overview of Plant Risk Issues

Boron

Breeding Biennial Crops

Breeding Clones

Breeding for Durable Resistance

Breeding for Nutritional Quality

Breeding Hybrids

Breeding Plants and Heterosis

Breeding Plants with Transgenes

Breeding Pure Line Cultivars

Breeding Self-Pollinated Crops Through Marker-Assisted Selection

Breeding Synthetic Cultivars

Breeding Using Doubled Haploids

Breeding Widely Adapted Cultivars: Examples from Maize

Breeding: Choice of Parents

Breeding: Genotype-by-Environment Interaction

Breeding: Incorporation of Exotic Germplasm

Breeding: Mating Designs

Breeding: Participatory Approaches

Breeding: Recurrent Selection and Gain from Selection

Breeding: The Backcross Method

C3 Photosynthesis to Crassulacean Acid Metabolism Shift in Mesembryanthenum crystallinum: A Stress Tolerance Mechanism

Carotenoids in Photosynthesis

Cereal Sprouting

Chemical Weed Control

Chlorophylls

Takashi R. Endo

Chromosome Manipulation and Crop Improvement

Chromosome Rearrangements

Chromosome Structure and Evolution

Circadian Clock in Plants

Classification and Identification of Nematodes

Classification and Nomenclature of Plant Pathogenic Bacteria

Coevolution of Insects and Plants

Columbian Exchange: The Role of Analogue Crops in the Adoption and Dissemination of Exotic Cultigens

Commercial Micropropagation

Competition: Responses to Shade by Neighbors

Crop Domestication in Africa

Crop Domestication in China

Crop Domestication in Mesoamerica

Crop Domestication in Prehistoric Eastern North America

Crop Domestication in Southeast Asia

Crop Domestication in Southwest Asia

Crop Domestication in the American Tropics: Phytolith Analyses

Crop Domestication in the American Tropics: Starch Grain Analyses

Crop Domestication: Fate of Genetic Diversity

Crop Domestication: Founder Crops

Crop Domestication: Role of Unconscious Selection

Crop Improvement: Broadening the Genetic Base for

Crop Responses to Elevated Carbon Dioxide

Cropping Systems: Irrigated Continuous Rice Systems of Tropical and Subtropical Asia

Cropping Systems: Irrigated Rice and Wheat of the Indo-gangetic Plains

Cropping Systems: Rain-Fed Maize-Soybean Rotations of North America

Cropping Systems: Slash-and-Burn Cropping Systems of the Tropics

Cropping Systems: Yield Improvement of Wheat in Temperate Northwestern Europe

Crops and Environmental Change

Cross-species and Cross-genera Comparisons in the Grasses

Crown Gall

Cytogenetics of Apomixis

Drought and Drought Resistance

Drought Resistant Ideotypes: Future Technologies and Approaches for the Development of

Echinacea: Uses As a Medicine

Ecology and Agricultural Sciences

Ecology: Functions, Patterns, and Evolution

Economic Impact of Insects

Ecophysiology

Endosperm Development

Environmental Concerns and Agricultural Policy

Evolution of Plant Genome Microstructure

Exchange of Trace Gases Between Crops and the Atmosphere

Exciton Theory

Farmer Selection and Conservation of Crop Varieties

Female Gametogenesis

Fire Blight

Fixed-Nitrogen Deficiency: Overcoming by Nodulation

Floral Induction

Floral Scent

Flow Cytogenetics

Flower Development

Fluorescence In Situ Hybridization

Fluorescence: A Probe of Photosynthetic Apparatus

Functional Genomics and Gene Action Knockouts

Fungal and Oomycete Plant Pathogens: Cell Biology

Gene Expression Modulation in Plants by Sugars in Response to Environmental Changes

Gene Flow Between Crops and Their Wild Progenitors

Gene Silencing: A Defense Mechanism Against Alien Genetic Information

Genetic Diversity Among Weeds

Genetic Resource Conservation of Seeds

Genetic Resources of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants from Brazil

Genetically Engineered Crops with Resistance Against Insects

Genetically Modified Oil Crops

Genome Rearrangements and Survival of Plant Populations to Changes in Environmental Conditions

Genome Size

Genome Structure and Gene Content in Plant and Protist Mitochondrial DNAs

Genomic Approaches to Understanding Plant Pathogenic Bacteria

Genomic Imprinting in Plants

Germplasm: International and National Centers

Germplasm Acquisition

Germplasm Collections: Regeneration in Maintenance

Germplasm Maintenance

Glycolysis

Herbicide-Resistant Weeds

Herbicides in the Environment: Fate of

Herbs, Spices, and Condiments

Human Cholinesterases from Plants for Detoxification

Interphase Nucleus, The

In Vitro Chromosome Doubling

In Vitro Flowering

In Vitro Morphogenesis in Plants—Recent Advances

In Vitro Plant Regeneration by Organogenesis

In Vitro Pollination and Fertilization

In Vitro Production of Triploid Plants

In Vitro Tuberization

Insect Life History Strategies: Development and Growth

Insect Life History Strategies: Reproduction and Survival

Insect/Host Plant Resistance in Crops

Insect-Plant Interactions

Integrated Pest Management

Intellectual Property and Plant Science

Interspecific Hybridization

Isoprenoid Metabolism

Larvicidal Proteins from Bacillus thuringiensis in Soil: Release, Persistence, and Effects

Leaf Cuticle

Leaf Structure

Leaf Surface Sugars

Leaves and Canopies: Physical Environment

Leaves and the Effects of Elevated Carbon Dioxide Levels

Legumes: Nutraceutical and Pharmaceutical Uses

Lesquerella Potential for Commercialization

Lipid Metabolism

Male Gametogenesis

Management of Bacterial Diseases of Plants: Regulatory Aspects

Management of Diseases in Seed Crops

Management of Fungal and Oomycete Diseases: Fruit Crops

Management of Fungal and Oomycete Diseases Vegetable Crops

Management of Nematode Diseases: Options

Marigold Flower: Industrial Applications

Mass Spectrometry for Identifying Proteins, Protein Modifications, and Protein Interactions in Plants

Mechanisms of Infection: Imperfect Fungi

Mechanisms of Infection: Oomycetes

Mechanisms of Infection: Rusts

Medical Molecular Pharming: Therapeutic Recombinant Antibodies, Biopharmaceuticals and Edible Vaccines in Transgenic Plants Engineered via the Chloroplast Genome

Meiosis

Metabolism, Primary: Engineering Pathways

Metabolism, Secondary: Engineering Pathways of

Milkweed: Commercial Applications

Minor Nutrients

Mitochondrial Respiration

Mitosis

Molecular Analysis of Chromosome Landmarks

Molecular Biology Applied to Weed Science

Molecular Evolution

Molecular Farming in Plants: Technology Platforms

Molecular Technologies and Their Role in Maintaining and Utilizing Genetic Resources

Mutational Processes

Mutualisms in Plant-Insect Interactions

Mycorrhizal Evolution

Mycorrhizal Symbioses

Mycotoxins Produced by Plant Pathogenic Fungi

Natural Rubber

Nematode Biology, Morphology, and Physiology

Nematode Feeding Strategies

Nematode Infestations: Assessment

Nematodes: Parasitism Genes

Nematode Population Dynamics

Nematode Problems: Most Prevalent

Nematodes and Host Resistance

Nematodes: Ecology

New Industrial Crops in Europe

New Secondary Metabolites: Potential Evolution

Nitrogen

Non-lnfectious Seed Disorders

Non-Wood Plant Fibers: Applications in Pulp and Papermaking

Nucleic Acid Metabolism

Nutraceuticals and Functional Foods: Market Innovation

Oomycete-Plant Interactions: Current Issues in

Organic Agriculture as a Form of Sustainable Agriculture

Osmotic Adjustment and Osmoregulation

Oxidative Stress and DNA Modification in Plants

Oxygen Production

Paper and Pulp: Agro-based Resources for

Parasitic Weeds

Phenylpropanoids

Phosphorus

Photoperiodism and the Regulation of Flowering

Photoreceptors and Associated Signaling I: Phytochromes

Photoreceptors and Associated Signaling II: Cryptochromes

Photoreceptors and Associated Signaling III: Phototropins

Photoreceptors and Associated Signaling IV: UV Receptors

Photosynthate Partitioning and Transport

Photosynthesis and Stress

Photosystems: Electron Flow Through

Physiology of Herbivorous Insects

Phytochemical Diversity of Secondary Metabolites

Phytochrome and Cryptochrome Functions in Crop Plants

Phytoremediation: Advances Toward a New Cleanup Technology

Pierce's Disease and Others Caused by Xylella fastidiosa

Plant Cell Culture and Its Applications

Plant Cell Tissue and Organ Culture Concepts and Methodologies

Plant Defenses Against Insects: Constitutive and Induced Chemical Defenses

Plant Defenses Against Insects: Physical Defenses

Plant Diseases Caused by Bacteria

Plant Diseases Caused by Subviral Agents

Plant DNA Virus Diseases

Plant–Pathogen Interactions: Evolution

Plant-Produced Recombinant Therapeutics

Plant Response to Stress: Abscisic Acid Fluxes

Plant Response to Stress: Biochemical Adaptations to Phosphate Deficiency

Plant Response to Stress: Critical Periods in Plant Development

Plant Response to Stress: Genome Reorganization in Flax

Plant Response to Stress: Mechanisms of Accommodation

Plant Response to Stress: Modifications of the Photosynthetic Apparatus

Plant Response to Stress: Phosphatidic Acid As a Second Messenger

Plant Response to Stress: Regulation of Plant Gene Expression to Drought

Plant Response to Stress: Role of Molecular Chaperones

Plant Response to Stress: Role of the Jasmonate Signal Transduction Pathway

Plant Response to Stress: Source-Sink Regulation by Stress

Plant Responses to Stress: Nematode Infection

Plant Responses to Stress: Ultraviolet-B Light

Plant RNA Virus Diseases

Plant Viral Synergisms

Plant Virus: Structure and Assembly

Plant Viruses: Initiation of Infection

Pollen-Stigma Interactions

Polyploidy

Population Genetics

Population Genetics of Plant Pathogenic Fungi

Potassium and Other Macronutrients

Pre-agricultural Plant Gathering and Management

Protoplast Applications in Biotechnology

Protoplast Culture and Regeneration

Quantitative Trait Locus Analyses of the Domestication Syndrome and Domestication Process

Radiation Hybrid Mapping

Reconciling Agriculture with the Conservation of Tropical Forests

Regeneration from Guard Cells of Crop and Other Plant Species

Rhizosphere: An Overview

Rhizosphere: Biochemical Reactions

Rhizosphere: Microbial Populations

Rhizosphere: Nutrient Movement and Availability

Rhizosphere Management: Microbial Manipulation for Biocontrol

Rice

RNA-Mediated Silencing

Root Membrane Activities Relevant to Plant-Soil Interactions

Root-Feeding Insects

Rubisco Activase

Secondary Metabolites as Phytomedicines

Seed Banks and Seed Dormancy Among Weeds

Seedborne Pathogens

Seed Dormancy

Seed Production

Seed Vigor

Seeds: Pathogen Transmission Through

Sex Chromosomes in Plants

Shade Avoidance Syndrome and Its Impact on Agriculture

Social Aspects of Sustainable Agriculture

Somaclonal Variation: Origins and Causes

Somatic Cell Genetics of Banana

Somatic Embryogenesis in Plants

Soy Wood Adhesives for Agro-Based Composites

Spatial Dimension, The: Geographic Information Systems and Geostatistics

Starch

Sucrose

Sustainable Agriculture and Food Security

Sustainable Agriculture: Definition and Goals

Sustainable Agriculture: Ecological Indicators

Sustainable Agriculture: Economic Indicators

Sustainable Agriculture: Philosophical Framework

Sweet Sorghum: Applications in Ethanol Production

Sweetgrass and Its Use in African-American Folk Art

Switchgrass as a Bioenergy Crop

Symbioses with Rhizobia and Mycorrhizal Fungi: Microbe/Plant Interactions and Signal Exchange

Symbiotic Nitrogen Fixation

Symbiotic Nitrogen Fixation: Plant Nutrition

Symbiotic Nitrogen Fixation: Special Roles of Micronutrients

Tobamoviral Vectors: Developing a Production System for Pharmaceuticals in Transfected Plants

Transformation Methods and Impact

Transgenes (GM) Sampling and Detection Methods in Seeds

Transgenes: Expression and Silencing of

Transgenetic Plants: Breeding Programs for Sustainable Insect Resistance

Transgenic Crop Plants in the Environment

Transgenic Crops: Regulatory Standards and Procedures of Research and Commercialization

Trichomes

UV Radiation Effects on Phyllosphere Microbes

UV Radiation Penetration in Plant Canopies

Vaccines Produced in Transgenic Plants

Viral Host Genomics

Virus Assays: Detection and Diagnosis

Virus-Induced Gene Silencing

Virus Movement in Plants

Water Deficits: Development

Water Use Efficiency Including Carbon Isotope Discrimination

Wax Esters from Transgenic Plants

Weed Management in Less Developed Countries

Weeds in Turfgrass

Yeast Two-Hybrid Technology